Learn the causes of jaundice in newborns and how phototherapy safely lowers bilirubin levels. A practical guide for parents in Malaysia.
Jaundice in newborns, also known as neonatal jaundice, is a very common condition during the first week of life. It appears when a baby’s skin and the whites of the eyes turn yellowish. Although it can be worrying for parents, jaundice is usually harmless and can be treated effectively, most often with phototherapy.
Causes of Jaundice in Newborns
Jaundice occurs when the level of bilirubin in a baby’s blood becomes elevated. Bilirubin is a yellow pigment produced when old red blood cells break down. An adult’s liver can process bilirubin quickly, but a newborn’s liver is still immature and needs time to work efficiently.
Several factors increase the risk of newborn jaundice:
- Premature birth – the liver takes longer to mature.
- Blood group incompatibility between mother and baby (such as ABO or Rh issues).
- Low birth weight or poor feeding.
- Certain health conditions such as infections or enzyme disorders.
Importance of Phototherapy Treatment
Phototherapy is the main treatment for babies with jaundice. The baby is placed under special blue-green lights that help break down bilirubin in the skin into a form that can be eliminated more easily through urine and stool.
Key benefits of phototherapy:
- Non-invasive and safe treatment.
- Quickly reduces bilirubin levels.
- Prevents serious complications such as kernicterus (brain damage caused by very high bilirubin).
In Malaysia, more hospitals and health centres now offer home phototherapy services, making it easier for parents to monitor their babies safely and comfortably at home.
What Parents Can Do
- Feed your baby frequently to help bilirubin pass out in stools.
- Check your baby’s skin and eyes daily during the first week.
- Attend scheduled check-ups for bilirubin tests.
- If bilirubin levels are high, start phototherapy promptly either in the hospital or at home through an approved provider.
With close monitoring and early treatment, most babies recover fully from jaundice within one to two weeks.
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FAQ – Common Questions about Jaundice and Phototherapy
1. Does every baby need phototherapy?
No. Phototherapy is only needed when bilirubin levels exceed certain thresholds based on the baby’s age and weight. Doctors decide this after a blood test.
2. Is phototherapy safe for babies?
Yes, phototherapy is safe when performed correctly. The baby’s eyes are covered to protect the retina, and body temperature is monitored throughout treatment.
3. Can jaundice be prevented?
Physiological jaundice cannot be completely avoided because it’s part of a newborn’s natural adjustment. However, early and frequent feeding can help lower bilirubin levels.
4. What are the warning signs of severe jaundice?
If your baby looks very yellow including the palms and soles, is extremely sleepy, refuses to feed, or cries with a high-pitched sound, seek medical attention immediately.
5. Is home phototherapy as effective as hospital treatment?
Yes, provided the equipment is approved and supervised by healthcare professionals. Home phototherapy offers comfort to both baby and parents with remote professional monitoring.
Conclusion
Jaundice is common in newborns but can become serious if untreated. Understanding its causes and the role of phototherapy helps parents make the right decisions for their baby’s health. Monitor symptoms, feed your baby frequently, and consult your doctor if bilirubin levels are high. With these steps, newborn jaundice can be managed safely and effectively.
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Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and should not replace professional medical advice. Please consult a doctor for any questions or concerns.
